Latanoprost

Brugnera M, et al. Journal of Controlled Release, 2025, 379, 730-742.

In this study, preservative-free latanoprost (0.005% w/v) was encapsulated in synthetic phosphatidylcholine liposomes (DOPC 0.75% w/v, DMPC 0.25% w/v) and dispersed in 0.2% w/v hyaluronic acid containing betaine (0.40% w/v) and leucine (0.90% w/v) (LAT-HA-LIP). Ex vivo permeation and retention were assessed using a validated porcine eye model, quantifying latanoprost acid through conjunctiva, sclera, and choroid, with superior corneal penetration compared to marketed formulations. Tissue distribution was visualized by two-photon microscopy using coumarin-6-labeled liposomes. Acute and chronic ocular tolerance was evaluated in rabbits via Schirmer's test, tear osmolarity, TBUT, and Oxford grading scale over 25 days. Daily topical administration of LAT-HA-LIP for 15 days achieved sustained intraocular pressure reduction (2.51-3.88 mmHg), demonstrating combined efficacy and ocular surface protection.

Jiang X-Y, et al. Experimental Eye Research, 2022, 224, 109251.

This study evaluated the effects of latanoprost on cytokine and chemokine secretion in mouse meibomian gland epithelial cells under proliferation and differentiation conditions. Cells were treated with latanoprost, alone or in combination with the PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone and RXR-α agonist LG100268, to assess receptor-mediated modulation. Gene expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-9, MCP-1, and CCL-5 was quantified via real-time PCR, and protein secretion was measured by ELISA. Lipid accumulation and differentiation were evaluated using lipid staining and western immunoblotting for keratins 1, 6, and 17. Latanoprost induced inflammatory cytokine secretion and suppressed differentiation via FP receptor-mediated ERK/COX-2 signaling, while activation of PPAR-γ and RXR-α mitigated inflammation, demonstrating receptor-specific antagonism of latanoprost-induced effects.